Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper.
Wash the sweet potatoes thoroughly and cut them into evenly sized cubes. Peeling is optional.
Place the sweet potato cubes in a bowl and drizzle with olive oil. Add the salt, garlic powder, onion powder, and paprika.
Toss until every piece is evenly coated, then spread the potatoes in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet.
Roast for approximately 30 minutes, turning halfway through if desired, until the centers are fork-tender and the edges are lightly browned.
While the potatoes roast, heat a large skillet over medium heat.
Add the ground beef and cook, breaking it apart with a wooden spoon or spatula, until browned and fully cooked.
Drain excess fat if necessary. Add onion powder, garlic powder, oregano, paprika, salt, and black pepper. Stir until the seasonings are evenly distributed through the beef.
Prepare the special sauce by whisking together mayonnaise, mustard, ketchup, sweet relish, garlic powder, and onion powder until smooth.
Allow the cooked beef and roasted sweet potatoes to cool for a few minutes so they don't immediately wilt the lettuce.
Divide the shredded lettuce among serving bowls.
Top each bowl with seasoned ground beef, roasted sweet potatoes, tomatoes, red onion, and shredded cheddar.
Drizzle the special sauce over the Sweet Potato Burger Bowls and serve immediately.