Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) and position the rack in the upper third.
Place chicken cutlets on one side of a large sheet pan. Brush with 1 tablespoon olive oil.
Season chicken with Italian seasoning, ½ teaspoon salt, and ¼ teaspoon pepper.
Bake for 5 minutes.
In a small bowl, mix balsamic vinegar, garlic powder, and remaining oil.
Remove pan from oven and switch to broil setting.
Add asparagus, red onion, and capers to the empty side of the pan. Drizzle with half of the balsamic mixture and toss.
Flip chicken and drizzle with remaining mixture.
Broil for about 10 minutes until chicken reaches 165°F and asparagus is tender-crisp.
Drizzle with extra balsamic vinegar before serving if desired.
This Sheet Pan Balsamic Chicken & Asparagus is best served immediately for maximum flavor.