Place a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the ground beef and break it into small crumbles.
Cook until the beef is deeply browned and no pink remains, stirring occasionally. Drain excess fat if necessary.
Add the adobo sauce, chipotle peppers, chili powder, cumin, lime juice, salt, and black pepper.
Use the back of a wooden spoon to crush the chipotle peppers directly into the beef.
Stir thoroughly until the seasonings and chipotle mixture evenly coat the meat. Continue cooking briefly until everything is hot and fragrant. Ground beef should reach a safe internal temperature of 160°F (71°C).
Remove the seasoned beef from the heat.
Warm the tortillas according to the package directions or briefly toast them in a dry skillet until soft and flexible.
For a traditional street taco-style presentation, layer two small tortillas together. Spoon approximately ¼ cup of the beef mixture into the center.
Top the Ground Beef Street Tacos with crumbled cotija cheese, diced white onion, and fresh cilantro.
Serve immediately with extra lime wedges if desired.