Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the bowtie pasta according to the package directions. During the final 2–3 minutes, add the broccoli florets. Drain well and set aside.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Season the chicken with salt, pepper, paprika, and red pepper flakes.
Cook the chicken for 5–7 minutes, turning occasionally, until golden brown and fully cooked.
Reduce the heat to medium. Add the butter to the skillet. Once melted, stir in the garlic and cook for about 30 seconds.
Add the lemon zest, lemon juice, Dijon mustard, dried parsley, and thyme. Stir until the sauce is smooth and fragrant. This flavorful sauce is what makes Cowboy Butter Lemon Bowtie Chicken with Broccoli so irresistible.
Add the cooked pasta and broccoli to the skillet. Toss gently until everything is evenly coated in the buttery lemon sauce.
Sprinkle in the Parmesan cheese and fresh parsley. Toss once more until the cheese melts into the sauce.
Serve immediately with extra Parmesan and fresh parsley if desired.